What's 🔥 in Enterprise IT/VC #321
Sea Change by Howard Marks memo, a must read on markets, the economy + what's ahead in 2023
I finally read Howard Marks’ memo, Sea Change, and wow!
In my 53 years in the investment world, I’ve seen a number of economic cycles, pendulum swings, manias and panics, bubbles and crashes, but I remember only two real sea changes. I think we may be in the midst of a third one today.
For those who want a fast overview of investing, markets, interest rates, and inflation, read this now. For those of you who don’t know who Howard is, he’s like the Warren Buffet of distressed securities.
I’m not having you read this because I’m all doom and gloom, but it does provide a zoom out view of how the asset allocators think, and how 💰 is allocated from debt to equity to PE, VC and eventually founders. Read it, reflect on it and build an efficient business. Despite the pessimistic outlook, I continue to believe it’s a great time to start a company because only the most insane 😜 founders will build in this market, and when the world opens up again in 2024 and beyond, these companies will be ready for the next growth cycle.
Here are a few excerpts I highlighted if you want the TL;DR.
Interest rates are the most powerful force for valuations and of course tech valuations
An Incredible Tailwind
What are the factors that gave rise to investors’ success over the last 40 years? We saw major contributions from (a) the economic growth and preeminence of the U.S.; (b) the incredible performance of our greatest companies; (c) gains in technology, productivity and management techniques; and (d) the benefits of globalization. However, I’d be surprised if 40 years of declining interest rates didn’t play the greatest role of all.
That’s what I think happened to investors over the last 40 years. They enjoyed the growth of the economy and the companies they invested in, as well as the resulting increase in the value of their ownership stakes. But in addition, they were on a moving walkway, carried along by declining interest rates. The results have been great, but I doubt many people fully understand where they came from. It seems to me that a significant portion of all the money investors made over this period resulted from the tailwind generated by the massive drop in interest rates. I consider it nearly impossible to overstate the influence of declining rates over the last four decade
And due to zero or low interest rates, investors became risk seekers looking for more yield from you guessed it, VC, tech stocks, crypto and more
The markets’ strength encouraged investors to drop their crisis-inspired risk aversion and return to risk taking much sooner than expected. It also made FOMO – the fear of missing out – the prevalent emotion among investors. Buyers were eager to buy, and holders weren’t motivated to sell.
Investors’ revived desire to buy caused the capital markets to reopen, making it cheap and easy for companies to obtain financing. Lenders’ eagerness to put money to work enabled borrowers to pay low interest rates under less-restrictive documentation that reduced lender protections.
The paltry yields on safe investments drove investors to buy riskier assets.
In a nutshell…
The Future + what victory means
The Future
In my view, the buyers who’ve driven the S&P 500’s recent 10% rally from the October low have been motivated by their beliefs that (a) inflation is easing, (b) the Fed will soon pivot from restrictive policy back toward stimulative, (c) interest rates will return to lower levels, (d) a recession will be averted, or it will be modest and brief, and (e) the economy and markets will return to halcyon days.
In contrast, here’s what I think:
The underlying causes of today’s inflation will probably abate as relief-swollen savings are spent and as supply catches up with demand.
While some recent inflation readings have been encouraging in this regard, the labor market is still very tight, wages are rising, and the economy is growing strongly.
Globalization is slowing or reversing. If this trend continues, we will lose its significant deflationary influence. (Importantly, consumer durables prices declined by 40% over the years 1995-2020, no doubt thanks to less-expensive imports. I estimate that this took 0.6% per year off the rate of inflation.)
Before declaring victory on inflation, the Fed will need to be convinced not only that inflation has settled near the 2% target, but also that inflationary psychology has been extinguished. To accomplish this, the Fed will likely want to see a positive real fed funds rate – at present it’s minus 2.2%.
Thus, while the Fed appears likely to slow the pace of its interest rate increases, it’s unlikely to return to stimulative policies any time soon.
The Fed has to maintain credibility (or regain it after having claimed for too long that inflation was “transitory”). It can’t appear to be inconstant by becoming stimulative too soon after having turned restrictive.
People who came into the business world after 2008 – or veteran investors with short memories – might think of today’s interest rates as elevated. But they’re not in the longer sweep of history, meaning there’s no obvious reason why they should be lower.
Prepare for further pain…
Regardless, I think things will generally be less rosy in the years immediately ahead:
A recession in the next 12-18 months appears to be a foregone conclusion among economists and investors.
That recession is likely to coincide with deterioration of corporate earnings and investor psychology.
Credit market conditions for new financings seem unlikely to soon become as accommodative as they were in recent years.
Lastly, there is a forecast I’m confident of: Interest rates aren’t about to decline by another 2,000 basis points from here.
The kicker, the SEA CHANGE
We’ve gone from the low-return world of 2009-21 to a full-return world, and it may become more so in the near term. Investors can now potentially get solid returns from credit instruments, meaning they no longer have to rely as heavily on riskier investments to achieve their overall return targets. Lenders and bargain hunters face much better prospects in this changed environment than they did in 2009-21. And importantly, if you grant that the environment is and may continue to be very different from what it was over the last 13 years – and most of the last 40 years – it should follow that the investment strategies that worked best over those periods may not be the ones that outperform in the years ahead.
That’s the sea change I’m talking about.
As always, 🙏🏼 for reading and please share with your friends and colleagues. Also Happy Holidays, Happy 🕎, and Merry 🎄🎁 to those who are celebrating.
Scaling Startups
Demystifying PLG from our bold.camp - read on for our 15 Core Principles of PLG along with some slides from our speakers
As you reflect on 2022 and set goals for 2023, I highly encourage checking out this 🧵 from author of Peak Performance + other books - great balance of getting shit done, enjoying journey, and finding balance
Speed = runway
Please…No
Enterprise Tech
Morgan Stanley opines on software stocks in 2023
Must read on Dev Rel/Dev Advocates - many folks only see the external part but forget about what’s important behind the scenes - which is the make users happy part, lots of folks forget about this and don't send technical, customer facing resources to bridge gap from sign up to habit
the OSS Security Index from Chenxi Wang (Rain Capital, former Twistlock)
❤️ from Daniel Bryant of Ambassador Labs in Platform Engineering in 2023 (New Stack)
The focus on developers “shifting left” has diluted developers’ focus and overwhelmed them with cross-functional requirements, including observability, security, and scalability. This has led to bold prophecies about the death of DevOps. After all, if devs drift into the operations-focused world of building platforms for themselves, who needs DevOps?
The idea is for developers to be able to “shift left” without “drifting right.” This is where we come back to not just developer productivity and experience but also the changing role of DevOps teams as developer platforms become the standard, providing developers with much-needed abstractions and tools to be able to do their jobs.
DevOps Digest - Predictions 1-8 - so many 💎 from industry leaders - here’s one on platform engineering.
We're going to see a wholesale shift from DevOps to platform engineering in 2023. Historically, the terms "DevOps" or "DevSecOps" have tried to include too much in their job function, so we are now seeing developer teams increasingly adopt platforms that streamline tasks such as writing rules and policies, creating pipelines, and writing code. The industry is going to lean heavily into adopting platforms that empower teams to do their best work by not overburdening one group with certain tasks and, instead, operating as a team in a platform. By leveraging a platform engineering approach, developer teams can work smarter, faster and provide more business value with stronger outcomes.
Nick Durkin
Field CTO, Harnessfrom my @boldstartvc partner Shomik Ghosh, author of
I’d get on the waitlist for lex.page - a word processor with AI baked in, more to superpower what you’ve already written vs generating from scratch
Introducing Lex! A word processor with artificial intelligence baked in, so you can write faster. 👉 lex.page 👈 (I've been working on this awhile... so glad to finally share it!!)I just tried an AI-powered writing app, and I am so so so hilariously out of a job. It literally gave me goosebumps. I'm not allowed to share it with you yet but I will when I can 👀 Please send me new career ideas.
Nat Eliason @nateliason
Markets
On down rounds and venture debt deals - latest from FT “Silicon Valley start-ups race for debt deals in funding crunch” and read my post from last week on why Snyk’s latest round of funding in a clean equity deal with no special clauses was a huge win for 🦄 founders raising in 2023
Company founders have entered into debt-focused deals such as bridge loans, structured equity, convertible notes, participating bonds and generous liquidation preferences. These moves are designed to avoid a dreaded “down round” — accepting funding at a far lower valuation than a company had previously secured.